Maturity models in business process management

Purpose – Maturity models are a prospering approach to improving a company’s processes and business process management (BPM) capabilities. In fact, the number of corresponding maturity models is such high that practitioners and scholars run the risk of losing track. We therefore provide a systematic in-depth review of BPM maturity models. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows the accepted research process for literature reviews. We analyze a sample of 10 BPM maturity models according to a framework of general design principles. The framework particularly focuses on the applicability and usefulness of maturity models. Findings – The analyzed maturity models sufficiently address basic design principles as well as principles for a descriptive purpose of use. The design principles for a prescriptive use, however, are hardly met. Thus, BPM maturity models provide limited guidance for identifying desirable maturity levels and for implementing improvement measures. Research limitations/implications – We are confident that this review covers the majority of publicly available BPM maturity models. As the number of corresponding maturity models seems to be constantly growing, exhaustiveness can hardly be guaranteed. Our results stimulate future research. Inter alia, adopters from industry require more elaborate support by means of ready-to-use and adaptable instruments for maturity assessment and improvement. We also reaffirm the need for maturity model consolidation in the field of BPM. Originality/value – As existing literature reviews focus on process improvement or BPM in general, our findings extend current knowledge. They also increase transparency. Our results provide guidance for scholars and practitioners involved in the design, enhancement, or application of BPM maturity models.